Local Group, Galaxies beyond the Hubble sequence etc. (Chapters 1 and 3.1--3.6)
References:
Grebel (2005) and
Chapter 4 of Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction Linda S. Sparke and John S. Gallagher
Population Synthesis Models and applications (Chapter 4)
References:
Bruzual and Charlot (2003)
Mayya et al. (2004)